미국, 트럼프･바이든 기술 정책 비교
Factbox: Where do Trump and Biden stand on tech policy issues?
로이터통신은 올해 미국 대통령 선거와 관련 두 후보의 주요 기술 정책 이슈를 보도*(’20.5.)
미국 대선 후보인 공화당 도널드 트럼프 대통령(Donald Trump)과 민주당 조 바이든(Joe Biden) 예비 후보의 기술 정책 이슈에 대한 관심이 주목
1) 거대 기술 기업의 해체
- (트럼프) 아마존을 자주 비난한 적이 있으나, 애플의 팀 쿡과는 교류가 활발한 편이며, 반독점 행위관련 광범위한 조사를 추진 중
- (바이든) 가짜 뉴스 등으로 페이스북과 거대기업을 비난한 적이 있고, 아마존과 같이 법인세를 내지 않는 모든 기업에 최소 15%의 법인세를 내는 방안을 제시
2) 소셜 미디어 규제
- (트럼프) ‘16년 대선에서 디지털 캠페인의 혜택을 본 바 있고, 소셜 미디어 기업이 보수 정치 컨텐츠를 검열하고 있다고 주장
- (바이든) 페이스북과 트위터와 같은 온라인 플랫폼 기업이 이용자가 올린 게시물에 대해 법적 책임을 면제 받도록 하는 ‘통신품위법 230조’ 철폐 주장
3) 데이터 개인정보보호
- (트럼프) 소비자 개인정보보호 관련 연방법 제정을 지지하고 있으며, 범죄자 휴대폰 잠금 해제 요청을 거부한 애플 사례와 관련 실리콘밸리 기업의 암호화 기술 정책을 비난
* 프라이버시 지지자들은 트럼프 행정부가 이민자들의 프라이버시를 침해하고, 인터넷 제공자가 사전에 소비자 정보 이용 동의를 얻도록 요구한 법안을 철폐한 것에 대해 불만을 표출
- (바이든) EU의 개인정보보호규정(GDPR)과 다른 방식의 프라이버시 표준 마련을 주장
4) 디지털 격차
- 코로나19 사태로 많은 사람들이 온라인 교육과 재택근무를 하게 되어, 초고속 인터넷 접근성에 대한 불평등이 제기
- (트럼프) 모든 국민이 초고속 인터넷에 접속할 수 있도록 올해 1월 연방통신이사회(FCC)는 200억 달러의 농어촌지역 브로드밴드 확대 펀드를 승인
- (바이든) 민주당측은 대통령 후보 경선과정에서 지속되는 디지털 격차와 관련 트럼프 대통령을 비난한바 있고, 부유층과 기업에 대한 증세를 통해 농어촌 지역의 인터넷 보급 예산을 3배 증가하는 방안 제시
Factbox: Where do Trump and Biden stand on tech policy issues?
(Reuters) - The regulation of big technology companies such as Facebook Inc and Alphabet Inc’s Google has been a hot button issue ahead of the U.S. presidential election on Nov. 3.
Here is a look at the stances of Republican President Donald Trump and his likely Democratic opponent Joe Biden on some key tech policy issues:
BREAKING UP BIG TECH COMPANIES
Biden, who was vice president during the Silicon Valley-friendly administration of President Barack Obama, has criticized Facebook and other tech giants during his campaign and proposed a minimum federal tax aimed at companies like Amazon.com Inc.
Trump, who has mixed relationships with tech companies, regularly bashing Amazon and its Chief Executive Jeff Bezos but meeting with Apple Inc’s Tim Cook, has said “there is something going on in terms of monopoly” when asked about big tech firms.
The Trump administration is conducting a wide-ranging antitrust probe into major tech companies, but both he and Biden have stopped short of calling for the firms to be broken up.
Biden has said dismantling companies like Facebook was “something we should take a really hard look at.”
REGULATING SOCIAL MEDIA
Both Biden and Trump have blasted social media companies over their handling of political content. Trump, whose digital campaign helped propel him to the White House in 2016, has long accused the companies, without evidence, of censorship against conservatives.
Biden, who has clashed with Facebook over its policies on political ads and manipulated videos, was the only Democratic presidential candidate who called for revoking Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, a key internet law which largely exempts online platforms like Facebook and Twitter from legal liability for users’ posts.
In 2018, Trump signed into law a bill that makes websites liable for third-party content that facilitates prostitution or sex trafficking. But this year, in a win for tech firms, Trump also signed a trade deal that means tech companies will have U.S.-style liability protections for online content when operating in Mexico and Canada.
DATA PRIVACY
Congress has been trying to build consensus on a federal consumer privacy legislation, which the Trump administration has signaled support for. Biden has said the U.S. should set privacy “standards not unlike the Europeans,” an apparent reference to the European Union’s stringent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The Trump administration has criticized Silicon Valley over the issue of encryption, blasting Apple for what he called its refusal to unlock phones used by criminals.
Privacy advocates have also slammed the Trump administration for actions they say violate immigrants’ privacy and for repealing broadband privacy laws that required internet providers to get consumer consent before using certain types of their data.
DIGITAL DIVIDE
The coronavirus pandemic, which has driven education and work online, has exposed inequalities in access to high-speed broadband.
Trump has said he is committed to ensuring “every citizen can have high-speed internet access,” though Democratic rivals criticized him over the continuing digital divide on the campaign trail. In January, the Federal Communications Commission approved a $20 billion rural broadband expansion fund.
Biden also said he plans a $20 billion investment in rural broadband infrastructure and to triple funding to expand access in rural areas, as part of a package his team proposed to pay for through tax increases on wealthy Americans and corporations.
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